News Subscribe  to Our Newsletter Sign  up for Email Updates CGF  In the News Press  Inquiries Past  Articles Calendar Learn about the Update process for the Mid-Coast  LCP in our Fall 2003 newsletter article. Get  involved in the update process! Read the Mid-Coast LCP online .			The  Coastal Act gets local A Local Coastal Program Primer by Lennie Roberts Back  in 1972, efforts to protect coastal resources got a huge jump-start with  the passage of Proposition 20 .  Four years later, the Legislature passed the California Coastal Act, which  required each city and county in the state that has land within the Coastal  Zone to prepare a Local  Coastal Program (LCP) that outlines how the 1976 California Coastal  Act will be implemented on a local level. The Coastal Zone is a boundary  of variable width, bounded by a line three miles out at sea to an inland  boundary that varies from a few blocks (in more urban areas) to approximately  five miles inland in less-developed settings, such as in San Mateo County. Document establishes priorities for land use Over the last 30 years, Local Coastal Programs statewide have become critical documents governing land use in the Coastal Zone. Each LCP is made of two parts: the Local Coastal Plan Policies and accompanying tables and maps, and the more detailed Implementing Ordinances.  The Coastal Act and the LCP establish priorities  for land uses in the Coastal Zone, giving coastal resources and sensitive  habitats highest priority for protection, enhancement and restoration.  Protection of agricultural land  and coastal-dependent industrial uses are second priority, followed by  public recreation, visitor-serving uses and public access. New private  residential, general industrial and general commercial development have  the lowest priority under the Coastal Act. Drawing the rural / urban boundary Locally, LCP policies direct new residential, commercial and industrial development to the urban areas of the coastside (Montara, Moss Beach, El Granada, Princeton and Miramar) that are subdivided and already served by utilities, and to two Rural Service Centers (Pescadero and San Gregorio), designated to provide commercial facilities in support of agriculture and recreation and to meet local housing needs. All of these lands are marked by a permanent Urban/Rural boundary. Outside of this boundary fall the coastside's Rural Areas, which are designated as Agriculture, General Open Space, Timber Preserve or Public Recreation. In these areas, land use must be consistent with maintaining open space and agriculture; the density of residential, commercial and industrial development is regulated through the use of density credits, which are determined for each parcel by a matrix of characteristics including soil type, landslide susceptibility and slopes. An LCP is a many-faceted thing In addition to defining appropriate uses for urban and rural areas, the Coastal Act and the LCP also require that, where development is proposed, the applicant must demonstrate that there will be no significant impact on coastal resources, including wetlands, streams and riparian corridors, marine habitats, sand dunes, sea cliffs and habitat of rare and endangered species. The  LCP works to protects scenic and visual qualities of the Coast by requiring  new non-agricultural development to be located in a manner that is least  visible from State and County Scenic Roads and best preserves the visual  and open space qualities of the parcel overall.  The many facets of the Local Coastal Program also include other land use planning policies, among them affordable and farm labor housing, hazards, energy, aquaculture, access to the shoreline, recreational facilities, commercial fishing and recreational boating.  Sanctioned by the people of California to protect our coastal resources, our Local Coastal Program is one of the best instruments we have to govern land use. As resources dwindle while populations increase, these policies can help guide us to make wise decisions to provide for the future livability and sustainability of our communities and the Coastal Zone.  Read our Fall  2003 newsletter article about the LCP update process.  For information about how to participate in the  update process for the Mid-Coast LCP, visit our action  alert . Copies of the LCP are available for purchase in the County Planning Division on the second floor of the County Government Center Building, 455 County Center, Redwood City, 94063 Published October 2003 in Green  Footnotes Page last updated November 13, 2003 .

	Photos by Charles Webber / California Academy of Sciences.